Spectra of Gas Discharges: the Applet
Joachim Köppen Strasbourg/Illkirch/Kiel 2007
an extended version of the applet written by John Talbot
- After entering a number in the textfields, hit the
return key or the show button
to make the spectrum appear.
- Click on any position in the spectrum will display
the wavelength just left to the show button
- Please note that for the solar spectrum image, it is
not possible to change some of the parameters ...
If you want to use the applet on one of your web pages, here
are some helpful information:
The element, wavelength range and line width are all
controlled by applet parameter (PARAM) tags in the HTML source for this page.
There are other options such as width and height of spectra in pixels and
contrast which can also be controlled. There are also
options to overlay a continuous spectrum
of varying strength and to choose the wavelength range. But note that
the data sets I use here contain only lines in the 4000 to 7000
Å range
For example here are the parameters for Neon :
<APPLET CODE=discharge.class WIDTH=600 HEIGHT=200>
<PARAM NAME=version VALUE=0>
<PARAM NAME=eye VALUE=0>
<PARAM NAME=element VALUE=neon.txt>
<PARAM NAME=startWavelength VALUE=4000>
<PARAM NAME=endWavelength VALUE=7000>
<PARAM NAME=lineWidth VALUE=2.5>
<PARAM NAME=contrast VALUE=10>
<PARAM NAME=continuum VALUE=0.3>
</APPLET>
- Version:
- Value = 0: show only the spectrum of the element
- Value = 1: the full applet with the controls tha permit the
user to change any parameter
- Value = 2: show only the spectrum of the element, but without
the wavelength scale
- Eye:
- Value = 0: this is how a young person with normal vision perceives
the spectral colours
- Value = 1: this is how I - at an age of 59 - perceive the colours. Note
that I can no longer look much more blueward than
Hg...
- Value = 2: this is how a person with yellow-green colour blindness
perceives the colours. I had asked a student to describe at which
wavelengths he perceives different colours, when looking at white
sunlight through a spectroscope.
- Value = 3: just a black and white view, as if we could see well
at all wavelengths
The simulated gas discharge spectrum is synthesized by assuming that each
each emission line has a gaussian line profile. Each point in the spectrum
is computed as the sum of all the emission lines.
- Contrast:
- Range: 1 to 10000 (the upper limit comes from intensity of the weakest line)
- Default: 1 (maximum of strongest line assigned to maximum intensity, no
distortion of line profile)
- Increase this parameter to bring up the weaker lines. Of course,
one burns out the strongest lines and also the relative difference between
the various emission line strengths is lost. Find a compromise to get a
pleasing impression -- this applet was not designed to allow accurate
intensity measurements.
- Line Width:
- Range: 0 to 100
- Default: 3
- The width of emission lines can be set by the user
so that the line profile covers at least one pixel: too small a width
causes undersampling to occur and some lines may disappear!
However too broad a line will cause blending of lines that are closer
together. Again, a compromise must be reached.
- Continuum:
- Range: 0 to 1
- Default: 0.3
- Physics: Apart from the line emission, there often is also
a broadband background light, for instance by scattering from
an external white source or internal transitions involving the
ion continuum. This causes a smooth background to appear as
faint 'rainbow'. Here, we merely use it as a pleasing coloured
background to fill in the dark gaps between the lines.
This Applet was orginally written by John Talbot and
was extended by me. Here is the source code:
discharge.java
All the data for these spectra are courtesy of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology
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last update: 21 June 2007 J.Köppen